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THE SCHEMATIC ENVIRONMENT

CREATE A SHEET:
First run protel 99 SE then in the opened window, go to the file and select new , select a path where you want to save your schematic file.now right click in my design window and select new. you can see many types of files that you can reach in protel to draw schematic. double click this icon ,if you want, you can rename file, then double click file to enter schematic(where you can draw your circuit).

LIBRARIES: ADD & REMOVES:
To do that, go to Browse sch at the left corner, then go to add/remove and select your library, which you want to add then click add and then click ok.
The names of libraries usually base on their company name that made them.

HOW CAN WE SEARCH A PART?:
In browse sch click find, at the top of the opened window type your part's name or number and put it among *(* name or number*), then in scope select type of search:
a) Specified path: search is just done in specified path.
b) Listed library: search is just done in selected library.
c) All drives: search all drive
After search is finished, add library to browse sch.
In addition, you can double click your part or select place to put it down on your schematic.
To rotate part, when it is floating press space bar.

PROPERTIES OF A PART:
1-lib ref:
It is Part's name in the library, if you change it, part will change in the schematic. For example, suppose there is a resistor in the schematic, if you type cap instead of res in lib ref the resistor will change to capacitor.
2- Designator:
It is part's number for example R1,C1,Q2,T3 etc.
3-Part type:
It shows the part's value or its type. For example: 10K, 2N2222A, 10UF, etc
4-Orientation pins:
It specifies the part's angel zero to 90 and 180 to 270.
5-Hidden pins:
When we want to see vcc pin and gnd pin in ics we enable this option.
6- Mirrored:
With activating this option the part will be mirrored
7-Selection:
With activating this option, the part is selected.
8-Foot print:
To specify physical scheme of the part to use in pcb environment. we mention some of them
A) resistor:
AXIAL0.X and X.0 is distance between two pins of resistor
b) Electrolyte capacitor:
RB.XY and .X distance between pins and .Y diameter of capacitor.
C) Capacitor: RAD.X
D) DIODE: DIODE0.X
E) General ICs :
DIPX and X the number of pins 8-16-20-40…
Use capital word to specify footprint

MAKE A CONNECTION:
There are two style:
1-Wire:
In the schematic right click and select wire.
To change properties, while you are selecting this option press tab.
2-net label:
To connect two point we can use net label. To do that go to placenetnet label and while the net label is floating press tab to go to properties.
Tip: points, which connect together, should have same name.
Tip: it is better not use R-C-U-Q to name net label

BUS:
To avoid many connections we use bus that usually uses for ports and to make connection we use net label
To bring bus entry go to placebus ,bus entery

VCC-GND

To put down vcc and gnd in circuit, go to placepower port and while it is floating press tab . In the opened window select the type of power port.
Put picture in schematic:
Go to viewtoolbardrawing tools and the click place graphic image.

TYPE TEXT:
Go to placeannotation : single line
Go to placetext frame: multi line
SELECT:
To select things or element go to editselect there are some options
1-Inside areas: select all things in specific cadre.
2-Outside area: select all things out of specific cadre.
3-All: select all things in the page

DESELECT: go to editdeselect

TOGGLE SELECTION:<
If an element was selected it will deselect it and vice versa

REPEAT A SEGMENT:
First select the segment or the part which you want to repeat then go to edit and select copy then go to editpaste array ,in item count type the amount of repetition .

MOVE A PART:
Go to editmove
1- drag: if you click a part , it and its connection will be moved
2- move: only the clicked part will be moved
3- selection: only the selected part will be moved
4- Drag selection: the selected parts and their connections will be moved.

CHANGE THE PAGE PEOPERTIES:
Designoption:
1-Title block: if you disable this option, the properties of plan wills disappear.
To write more information about plan select ansi and go to organization window.
2-show border:
If you disable this option, the cadre around the page will disappear.
Sheet color and border color:
To change color of the cadre and color of the page, we use this option.
3-grid:
Disabling this option makes grid is not shown.

cHECK THE CIRCUIT FOR ERROR:
go to toolserc and you have to enable duplicate component designator and multiple net name on net.

WIRING TOOLS:

1-to draw sheet symbol
2-to put down sheet entery
3-to put down port
4-equal to wire
5-to draw bus
6-to draw bus entery
7-to put down net label

DRAWING TOOLS:

1- to write a single line text
2- to write multi line text
3- equal to editpaste array

CREATE A NET LIST:
Go to designcreate netlist, click ok then the netlist file is made. We use this file in pcb and it shows link among parts and their physical form.

PCB enviornment

ENTER PCB enviornment
In my design go to file and select new and double click to add it to my design and the double click it.

LAYERS IN THE PCB ENVOIRNMENT :
To enable your layers go to designoptionlayers
1- keepout layer: in this layer figure and dimensions of board will be drawn.
2- Multi layer: to connect between coppery layers and vias and pads
3- Top overlay and bottom overlay: physical figure , designator and command will be shown in this layer
4- Top layer and bottom layer: connections and coppery line will be drawn in this layer
These six layers are necessary to design a scheme

MEASUREMENT IN THE PCB ENVIRONMENT:
We use hot key Q

REACH TO DIFFEREN LIRARIES
Go to browse select libraries and in add/remove segment select different libraries or remove from list of libraries

TRACK:
To draw track go to placekeep outtrack or select
To change track's mode when you are drawing press space bar
To change track's properties (color, thickness, layer,…) double click it or press tab

PAD:

Pads have one or more layers too they also create holes. To select pad click … and to edit it double click it.

FILL:
To fill some segment of board by copper we use fill. Go to place and select fill or click

POLYGON PLANES:

Go to place and select polygon plane or click
1- connect to net: the created coppery segment connects to gnd
2- grid size and track width and layer: it specifies polygon 's dimension
3- hatching style: it specifies polygone's angle.(45,90,horizontal and vertical)

STRING:
Type text: go to place and select string or click

CREATE A PCB AUTOMATICALLY:

After schematic is finished and netlist is created, in pcb environment go to design and select load netlist, if there is no error , click execute. Now you can see parts and their junctions, which has been transported to pcb environment .if you can't see anything click page down until plan appears.

AUTO PLACE:
Now you have to arrange parts in the cadre. First locked every part that shouldn't move when process is running (double click part and enable this option)
Then go to toolsauto placementauto place
If you want process runs fast , enable quick.

DRAW CONNECTIONS AUTOMATICALLY:
First do:
1- Specify minimum distance among tracks:
Go to designrulesrouting and double click clearance constraint in rule classes, and insert minimum distance in minimum clearance.
2- Specify minimum and maximum thickness of tracks:
Double click width constraint in rule classes and in minimum ,insert minimum thickness ,in maximum, insert maximum thickness and in preferred, insert preferred thickness
3-Create two layers board:
Go to designrules and double click routing layers, in the opened window adjust top layer to horizontal and bottom layer to vertical.
4-Create single layer board:
Adjust top layer to not used and bottom layer to any.
Now go to auto route
1-all: to draw all board automatically
2-net: if you click a net its connections will be drawn.
3-connection: if you click a connection it will be drawn.
4-area: if you choose an area its connection will be drawn.

3D:
Click .